Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Yellow 25 Using Nanoparticle TiO<sub>2</sub> Mediated Petai Pod Extract

Nanotechnology has significant advantages over traditional methods for degrading dyes. Plant-based nanoparticles were generated apart from other biomaterials. This work employed a green sol-gel approach to prepare titanium dioxide nanoparticles by using Petai (Parkia speciosa) peel extract. The produced TiO2 was analyzed by XRD, UV-DRS, FE-SEM, FTIR, Raman, zeta, and nanoparticle size analysis. PP-TiO2 nanoparticles having a tetragonal anatase phase, spherical, stable particles, and a small particle size (16–22 nm) were successfully produced. When exposed to UV light, the nanoparticles displayed strong photocatalytic activity, eliminating Acid Yellow 25 in less than 120 minutes. This work demonstrates a possible green option to sustainable wastewater treatment based on TiO2 NPs.