Microstructural behaviour of sustainable concrete developed using FGD gypsum and slag

Global regulations target the cement industry’s carbon dioxide emissions, pushing for sustainable practices. In India, rapid industrialisation has increased industrial by-products, creating recycling opportunities in cement production. This study aims to develop sustainable concrete using flue gas desulphurisation gypsum (FGDG) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). It examines the physico-mechanical and microstructural behaviour to enhance sustainability technically and ecologically. The developed concrete, with 40% cement replacement, showed comparable physico-mechanical properties at 56 and 90 days to conventional concrete. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed FGDG’s effectiveness with GGBS. This sustainable concrete offers low embodied energy and reduced material costs, making it energy-efficient and affordable.