Beliefs and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among older people with a history of stroke in Indonesia: a descriptive qualitative study

The COVID-19 vaccination program, aimed at vulnerable groups, such as elderly individuals with comorbidities such as stroke, has generated varied responses, including hesitancy due to internal health concerns and potential side effects. This study explored the experiences and perceptions of older adults with a history of stroke in Indonesia regarding the COVID-19 vaccina- tion program. This qualitative study employed a descriptive qual- itative approach using in-depth interviews. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, focusing on elderly individ- uals with metabolic conditions such as stroke. Data saturation was achieved with 23 participants, and the data were analyzed using Haase’s adaptation of the Colaizzi method. Several themes emerged, including rejection of the vaccination program, doubts and distrust of the COVID-19 vaccine, disbelief regarding vaccine content and benefits, concerns about stroke-related health risks, and feelings of compulsion or reluctance to participate in the pro- gram. The themes identified in this study provide insights into the barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in elderly individuals with a history of stroke. These findings could inform strategies for improving vaccination uptake in this vulnerable population.