Testing lepton flavor universality at the Electron-Ion Collider

A bstract Measurements of $$ b\to {c\tau}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>cτ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> transitions at colliders are highly motivated for testing lepton flavor universality (LFU), a cornerstone hypothesis of the Standard Model (SM). Potential observations of LFU violation could provide significant evidence for physics beyond the SM (BSM). The substantial production of b -hadrons at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) would highlight its potential to support LFU testing and complement studies conducted at other experimental facilities. In this paper, we study the production of b -hadrons in deep inelastic scattering processes at the EIC with $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 100 GeV. We estimate the b -hadron yields at the EIC to reach $$ \mathcal{O}\left({10}^9\right) $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> with an integrated luminosity of up to 10 3 fb −1 . Furthermore, we perform a systematic study on various b -hadron decays, exploring the sensitivities of LFU-violating observables, including R J / ψ , $$ {R}_{D_s^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mfenced> </mml:msubsup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and $$ {R}_{\Lambda_c} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . Detailed strategies for track-based event reconstruction are investigated for these observables. We also include a discussion of the annihilation process $$ {B}_c^{+}\to {\tau}^{+}{\nu}_{\tau } $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . Finally, we provide a theoretical interpretation of the projected sensitivities within the framework of low energy effective field theory (LEFT). Our analysis indicates that the EIC has the potential to constrain the relevant Wilson coefficients at $$ \mathcal{O}(0.1) $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> , offering complementary insights to other measurements.