State financial incentives for research and development activities as a mechanism for achieving technological sovereignty

In the modern world, one of the key goals of developed countries is to achieve technological sovereignty, which is possible with effective state financial incentives for R&D. The purpose of the study is to assess the instruments of R&D state financial stimulation in the context of achieving technological sovereignty of a country, as well as to develop recommendations for their improvement. The assessment of global trends in the financial support of R&D, the dynamics of global expenditures on R&D, the ranking of countries in terms of R&D financing, and the main foreign and domestic financial instruments of state stimulation (grants, subsidies, venture financing, government guarantees, preferential lending, tax incentives, public procurement of R&D) have been analyzed. Recommendations have been offered (including on the basis of implementing the best foreign practices) on additional measures that can ensure achieving technological sovereignty through R&D financial support. The importance of R&D state financial stimulation in order to ensure technological sovereignty has been emphasized.