Debris flow early warning system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network

Traditional debris flow early-warning technology has drawbacks. Monitoring methods are simple with low accuracy, hard to capture key parameters timely and accurately, and weak in early-warning. Unreasonable network architecture leads to high energy consumption and short network lifespan, unable to meet long-term prevention needs. To break through, this study analyzes ZigBee wireless sensor network protocol architecture and builds a new debris flow early-warning system. At the hardware level, it uses low-power ARM chips to innovate the gateway design, balancing power consumption and performance. At the network communication level, it improves the standard LEACH routing protocol with the ant colony algorithm. The algorithm helps nodes consider path energy consumption and residual energy when routing, avoiding blind path-selection energy loss and improving network energy efficiency.