Research on Structural Design and Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping-Wing Aircraft with X-Shaped Layout

Biomimetic flapping-wing aircraft, which mimic the flight patterns and morphological designs of birds and insects, have emerged as a research hotspot in the field of aeronautics due to their unique biomimetic shapes and flexible maneuverability. Against this backdrop, this paper establishes the structural design of an X-shaped flapping-wing aircraft based on a double crank-double rocker drive mechanism. Furthermore, the aerodynamic characteristics of the X-shaped flapping-wing aircraft are analyzed in depth. By investigating the lift and thrust generated under varying incoming flow velocities, flapping frequencies, amplitude angles, body angles of attack, and asymmetric flapping of amplitude angles, conclusions were drawn about the optimal flight attitude of ornithopters. Ultimately, the rationality and feasibility of the X-shaped biomimetic flapping-wing aircraft's flight are verified.