Key Technologies and Spectrum-Efficient Utilization for 6G Terahertz Communications

With the growing demand for high-speed, large-bandwidth and low-latency signal transmission in communication and military applications, the sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) system has emerged to meet these requirements, driving continuous exploration of high-frequency communication technologies. Among these, the terahertz band (0.1–10T Hz) has become a central focus of research due to its abundant spectrum resources. However, terahertz communication faces significant challenges including severe propagation losses, hardware implementation difficulties and complex channel modeling, which hinder its practical deployment. This paper begins by identifying the critical technical bottlenecks of the terahertz band in 6G systems, systematically analyzing its high-frequency characteristics, channel propagation mechanisms, and limitations of core components. Also an optimization framework based on dynamic spectrum allocation and intelligent modulation-coding schemes is proposed. By integrating technologies such as channel modeling, beam-forming and low-power hardware design, this work focuses on enhancing transmission efficiency and coverage capabilities in the terahertz band, providing theoretical foundations and technical references for 6G system design.