Optimal Method for the Capacity Configuration of Generalized Energy Storage in Photovoltaic-Charging-Storage Microgrids

The expanded integration of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicles (EVs) elevates the demand for energy storage capacity in the microgrid. Microgrids that rely solely on physical energy storage systems (PESS) face significant investment costs. To reduce the investment, EV batteries are utilized as a virtual energy storage system (VESS). When VESS combined with PESS, a generalized energy storage system (GESS) is formed. This paper introduces a method for configuring capacity of generalized energy storage that includes EV virtual storage. The method involves a dual-layer optimization model that focuses on both capacity configuration and operational efficiency of GESS. The model evaluates overall economic efficiency, considering both configuration and operational aspects. The upper-layer model targets minimization of total costs, voltage fluctuations and carbon emissions, which employs multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) to solve. The lower-layer model seeks to reduce operational costs of the microgrid, which is solved by CPLEX. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an IEEE distribution network.