Two-level Coordinated Day-ahead Scheduling for Hydrogen-Electric Hybrid Charging Station Clusters

The development of new energy vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen-powered vehicles (HPVs) plays an irreplaceable role in achieving the global goals of decarbonization. The extensive promotion of new energy vehicles relies heavily on the support of charging/refueling stations. This paper proposes a two-level coordinated day-ahead scheduling framework, which includes regional clearing manager (RCM) and hydrogen-electric hybrid charging stations (HCSs). RCM and its affiliated hydrogen-electric HCSs form a Stackelberg game model. The HCSs act as the upper level, and the RCM acts as the lower level. The upper level will bid according to its scheduling potential, and the lower level will clear according to the upper level's bidding. The profitability of RCM in the HCS clusters are considered. We conduct case studies on the test system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.