Collaborative Optimization of Multi-Energy Microgrids and Hybrid Shared Energy Storage Based on Improved Nash Bargaining

With the growing diversity of user-side energy demands, hybrid shared energy storage plays a critical role in enabling complementary energy utilization within the multi-energy microgrid cluster. First, this study develops an operational framework for HSES and MEMGs to analyze the interests of stakeholders. Second, to maximize the benefits of the stakeholder coalition, an improved Nash bargaining model is proposed, incorporating multiple participants from both HSES and MEMGs. The marginal contribution rate is introduced to quantify each stakeholder’s bargaining power, ensuring a fair and efficient benefit distribution. It is decomposed into two subproblems, which are solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to derive operational strategies and pricing results. Finally, case studies show that the proposed model ensures both economic viability and fair benefit distribution for all stakeholders and significantly enhances overall energy utilization efficiency.