Impact of climate change on production processes, biodiversity and ecosystems. Its relationship with food security

Climate change, a widespread and increasing global hazard, has a substantial influence on ecosystems and biodiversity. It has a significant impact on plant productivity, mainly through reduced water use efficiency, increased soil salinity, increased heat stress and altered soil health. In addition, by modifying the behaviour, morphology and phenological patterns of species, climate change has a negative impact on biodiversity. This leads to changes in distribution, a decrease in species abundance with an overall loss of biodiversity. Changes in biodiversity caused by climate variations are closely linked to changes in ecosystem services and how this affects human well-being. Both climate change and human activity contribute to the degradation of ecosystem services, which are essential for maintaining the balance of natural systems and fostering socio-economic growth. These ecosystems support livelihoods, sustainability and health, providing vital products and services with high economic and ecological value. Preserving and repairing ecosystems is now more important than ever due to the persistent threat of global climate change, which not only threatens environmental integrity but also poses major challenges to food security.