IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL SANCTIONS: IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY OF THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of import substitution policy in the context of increasing global sanctions pressure on the Russian economy. The impact of restrictions on the structure of industrial production, investment activity, innovative development and state industrial policy is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to assessing the degree of dependence of industries on imports, the effectiveness of localization measures, as well as identifying key problems and risks accompanying the import substitution process. Based on the analysis of statistical data and expert research, conclusions are formulated on the current state and prospects of import substitution as a tool for ensuring Russia’s economic and technological sovereignty. Emphasis is placed on the need for a comprehensive approach, including the development of human capital, support for R & D, and the modernization of the institutional environment for sustainable industrial growth.