Harmonization of Restorative Justice Regulations within the Indonesian Criminal Justice System

Abstract. A different strategy within the criminal justice system, restorative justice places an emphasis on repairing ties between victims, offenders, and the community via dialogue and reconciliation techniques. Regulations like the Juvenile Justice Act (Law No. 11 of 2012), National Police Regulation No. 8 of 2021, Prosecutor's Regulation No. 15 of 2020, and Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2024 have all contributed to the notable advancement of restorative justice implementation in Indonesia. However, its effectiveness still faces various challenges, including lack of synergy among law enforcement agencies, regulatory limitations, low human resource capacity, and suboptimal victim protection. This study aims to analyze the legal framework, challenges, and efforts to harmonize regulations and coordination among law enforcement agencies in order to enhance the effectiveness of restorative justice in Indonesia. The findings indicate that regulatory harmonization, development of integrated standard operating procedures (SOPs), and the strengthening of institutional capacity and coordination are key to optimizing the implementation of restorative justice as a fair and humane justice system.