Soil Cement Bricks: Use of Waste Materials as Components and Diversified Technologies and Patents

Objective: This study aims to conduct a review of technologies and patents related to the production of sustainable soil-cement bricks incorporating waste, with the goal of mapping key technological trends in this field. Theoretical Framework: This work is grounded in concepts of sustainability in civil construction and technological innovation, particularly focused on the reuse of waste in the production of alternative construction materials. It considers principles of sustainable development and the importance of intellectual property protection as an incentive for innovation, based on refined and up-to-date literature in the field. Method: The adopted methodology consisted of an exploratory documentary research focused on the analysis of patents available in the Espacenet database. English descriptors such as "soil-cement," "eco-brick," "brick," "block," "residue," and "waste" were used. From this search, the ten entities with the highest number of patent filings related to sustainable bricks with waste incorporation were identified and their main technological contributions analyzed. Results and Discussion: The results showed that patents are concentrated in sections B, C, and E of the IPC and CPC, focusing on industrial processes and construction materials. Brazil showed low representativeness compared to other emerging countries, indicating the need for greater investment in R&D. The analysis highlighted technological trends and opportunities to expand the use of waste in eco-friendly bricks. Research Implications: The implications of this study cover both academic and productive sectors, providing support for researchers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers interested in sustainable solutions for the construction industry. Originality/Value: This research offers a systematic overview of innovations and global trends in soil-cement bricks with waste, based on patent data. Its originality lies in the articulation of sustainability, technology, and intellectual property, contributing to future investigations and sustainable development initiatives in the construction sector.