Bacillus Licheniformis Capsules 1 (Live) Modulates Gut Microbiota and Enhances Immune Function in Chemotherapy Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

This study investigates the impact of Bacillus Licheniformis Capsules (live) on patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing chemotherapy.Clinical data from 79 NSCLC patients who developed grade 2-3 diarrhea during the first cycle of chemotherapy and admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and assigned to a control group (n=42, treated from March 2020 to June 2022 with Pemetrexed + Cisplatin regimen) and a study group (n=37, treated from July 2022 to February 2023 with Pemetrexed + Cisplatin regimen + Bacillus Licheniformis Capsules) based on their treatment regimens.The study group exhibited significantly higher overall response rate compared to the control group (P < 0.05).Post-treatment, both groups exhibited decreased levels of Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and improved Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung scores, with more pronounced improvements in the study group.Levels of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and interferon gamma increased significantly, with greater increases in the study group (P < 0.05).Both groups showed reductions in CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index post-treatment, but these markers remained higher in the study group.CD8+ levels increased in both groups post-treatment but were much lower in the study group (P < 0.05).No significant difference was noted in the complication rates between the two groups.Bacillus Licheniformis Capsules (live) enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in NSCLC patients by modulating gut microbiota, reducing inflammatory responses, and improving immune function and quality of life, without compromising safety.