The Kiai’s Leadership in Harmonizing Chinese-Muslim Relations through Multicultural Islamic Education

This research is essential to address issues of violence in schools, weak parental supervision, and children’s psychological problems. The aim is to develop a child-friendly education model that supports character development and children’s rights and creates a safer, more inclusive learning environment. This study uses multicultural Islamic education to examine the role of kiai leadership in promoting unity between Chinese and Muslim populations in Lenteng Timur, Sumenep. Employing a qualitative methodology and case study framework, data were gathered via observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results indicate two principal conclusions. The kiai utilize various strategies, such as reinterpreting religious texts within a multicultural context, differentiating between exclusive theological doctrines and inclusive social interactions, adopting a cultural perspective rooted in Madurese values, and implementing personalized approaches through interpersonal engagement. The influence of this leadership is apparent in various aspects: socially and culturally, it has promoted harmonious integration among ethnic groups; economically, it has enabled mutually advantageous relationships based on Islamic business ethics; and religiously, it has resulted in the establishment of inclusive practices characterized by distinct “boundary awareness.” This research enhances comprehension of the transformative function of religious leadership in fostering intercultural harmony using contextually relevant, faith-based educational approaches.