Blockchain-enabled transformation in food supply chains: advancing net-zero emissions through supply chain integration and dynamic capabilities

Purpose This study positions net-zero emissions as a dynamic capability within the food supply chain (FSC). It investigates the relationship between three blockchain-enabled capabilities – supply chain security (SCS), supply chain transparency (SCT) and supply chain traceability (SCTR) – and their impact on both supply chain integration (SCI) and the net-zero capability (NZC). Additionally, the study assesses the influence of all factors on overall supply chain performance (SCP). Design/methodology/approach This study develops a conceptual framework, grounded in dynamic capabilities and blockchain technology perspectives. The study uses structured equation modelling to test the hypothesized relationship using survey data from 275 industry experts. Findings The results show that blockchain driven security, transparency and traceability positively influence the SCI, which, in turn, positively influence NZC. Furthermore, NZC plays a crucial role in improving SCP, highlighting the strategic importance of blockchain adoption in sustainability efforts. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable FSC by empirically evaluating the impact of blockchain technology on NZC. It provides valuable insights into how organizations can leverage blockchain to enhance transparency, security and integration while driving sustainability objectives.