Thermal energy characterization methodology based on GIS for energy communities and demand response strategies

Defining optimal zones for the implementation of Energy Communities (ECs) is increasingly relevant, given their broad scope and the need to align multiple dimensions and needs. Existing approaches often address generation potential or social vulnerability in isolation and rarely incorporate demand-side flexibility, limiting ECs strategic applicability. While ECs are not restricted to single-site configurations, identifying cohesive spatial areas where these factors converge remains complex. This study proposes a GIS-based methodology that combines free available multidimensional online-data with a novel classification of thermal inertia response archetypes to improve the identification of the EC site while mapping the flexibility of the demand side. The methodology is validated in a case study in the Region of Madrid, Spain, where four priority zones for ECs were identified. Results highlight the effectiveness of multidimensional integration in EC planning, ensuring both equity and flexibility. The proposed methodology is scalable and replicable, offering municipalities and grid operators a data-driven methodology for strategic identification of EC locations. • Lack of integration of real multidimensional data limits EC integration. • Novel thermal inertia archetypes integrated into GIS enhance flexibility for ECs. • A real case study with four potential areas identified for EC location. • Use of free available online-data for replicable and scalable EC site identification. • Proposed methodology available for other GIS applications.