Optimizing Solar Energy Systems: Enhancing Photovoltaic Efficiency through Mirror Integration and Parameter Optimization

This study presents a geometric optimization approach to enhance photovoltaic PV efficiency by integrating a ground-mounted mirror. The method aims to identify optimal values for the panel tilt angle β, mirror tilt angle α, and mirror length L that maximize reflected irradiance onto the PV surface without obstructing direct sunlight. A mathematical expression is developed from geometric constraints to define the optimal mirror configuration. The convergence history of the numerical solution is analyzed, and a sensitivity study on design variables is provided. An energy estimation based on clear-sky conditions in Khouribga shows that the optimized mirror configuration can increase annual irradiance from 1680 kWh/m² (no mirror) to 1895 kWh/m². The optimal setup is achieved with β = 30°, α = 15.1°, and L = 2.45 m. The proposed method offers a simple, accessible design tool suitable for practical use without the need for complex simulation software.