Synthesis of pure V₂O₅ and V–Mo mixed oxide nanoparticles and their adsorption activity

Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O[Formula: see text] and Vanadium–Molybdenum (V–Mo) mixed oxide nanoparticles are synthesized at 500 ∘ C using a surfactant-free method, with an increase in the atomic percentage of Mo ([Formula: see text], 20%, 30% and 40%) to V. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the synthesized samples. By using the Debye Scherrer technique and WH plot calculations, the average crystallite sizes and lattice strain assessed from XRD data were found to be almost comparable. SEM detects agglomerated nanoparticle morphology in both pure V 2 O 5 and V–Mo mixed oxide nanoparticles. EDAX confirms the prepared sample’s purity and the presence of its constituent parts. According to diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the energy band gap was reduced as the amount of Mo in mixed oxide V–Mo nanoparticles rose. The strength of the peak diminishes as the amount of Mo in mixed oxide V–Mo increases on the Raman analysis graph. The presence of V–O and Mo–O functional groups, as well as their formation of pure V 2 O 5 and V–Mo mixed oxide nanoparticles, was confirmed by the FT-IR spectra. Adsorption activity was performed for the dye degradation of methylene blue by pure V 2 O 5 and V–Mo mixed oxide nanoparticles; the percentage of dye degradation removal increased as Mo concentration increased in the V–Mo mixed oxide nanoparticles.