A Better Future Beyond the Walls: Narrative Review of Best Practice Components of Services and Programs for People Exiting Custody

Increasing imprisonment rates globally and in Australia have led to more individuals trapped in the cycles of incarceration, reinforcing disadvantage and criminal behavior. Although programs exist to support individuals during their transition post prison, there is limited knowledge about these programs, warranting further research. We conducted a narrative analysis of the program components via a systematic literature search, identifying similarities, differences, and limitations of such programs internationally, with focus on Australia. Findings suggest three main components of these programs: “what is offered,” “how they are delivered” and “when they are provided.” This highlights the need for a continuum of support offering appropriate programs from initial contact with the custodial system ( “ Pre-release ” ) , continuing through “ transition ” and “ post-release ,” with tailored interventions based on the individual risk, needs, and responsivity. Results underscore the need for co-designed and evidence-based policies emphasizing the significance of early interventions and personalized approaches based on individual risk assessments.