A Repeated 28‐Day Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Two Water Treatment Chemicals (Monoethanolamine and Monopropylamine) in Rats

With clean water becoming increasingly scarce, safe and effective treatment methods are essential. Chemical disinfectants like Monoethanolamine (MEA) and Monopropylamine (MPA) are widely used due to their cost-effectiveness, but their health risks remain unclear. To investigate the sub-chronic oral toxicity of two commercially used antiscalants to assess their potential health risks and to develop a safer and more sustainable water treatment methods, we conducted a 28-day study on 70 rats to assess their sub-chronic oral toxicity. Blood analysis revealed significant increases in WBC, MCV, MCH, PLT, and PCT levels, along with a notable rise in ALP (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed severe liver, heart, and lung damage, including necrosis, inflammatory cell accumulation, and tissue degeneration. These findings suggest that MEA and MPA pose serious health risks, raising concerns about their widespread use in water treatment. Given their potential impact on human health and the environment, it is crucial to reassess their safety and explore alternative disinfectants. Ensuring the long-term safety of water treatment methods is vital for public health and environmental sustainability, making further research and regulatory evaluation necessary.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Applied Toxicology
Published
2025-06-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4832
Primary Topic
Water Treatment and Disinfection
Type
article
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article

A Repeated 28‐Day Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Two Water Treatment Chemicals (Monoethanolamine and Monopropylamine) in Rats

Shamsi Sadat Mosavi, Maryam Ghadimi, Hasti Khalili, Rasha Gharieb et al.
Journal of Applied Toxicology
Water Treatment and Disinfection
article

A Repeated 28‐Day Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Two Water Treatment Chemicals (Monoethanolamine and Monopropylamine) in Rats

Shamsi Sadat Mosavi, Maryam Ghadimi, Hasti Khalili, Rasha Gharieb, A. Wallace Hayes, Phelipe Magalhães Duarte, Sina Salajegheh Tazerji, Hadi Tabarraei, Reyhaneh Kheiri, Kannan Subbaram, Jalal Hassan, Erfan Soroush, Sina Montajab, Seyedeh Mandana Mojtahedzadeh, Maryam Diansaei, Kiana Ghatei, Melika Sohrabi, Donya Saberfard, Niloofar Jafari, Asal Basiryanmahabadi, Parham Ziabakhsh, Reihaneh Golchoobian, Nafiseh Alinejad, Anahita Massih
article en

Abstract

With clean water becoming increasingly scarce, safe and effective treatment methods are essential. Chemical disinfectants like Monoethanolamine (MEA) and Monopropylamine (MPA) are widely used due to their cost-effectiveness, but their health risks remain unclear. To investigate the sub-chronic oral toxicity of two commercially used antiscalants to assess their potential health risks and to develop a safer and more sustainable water treatment methods, we conducted a 28-day study on 70 rats to assess their sub-chronic oral toxicity. Blood analysis revealed significant increases in WBC, MCV, MCH, PLT, and PCT levels, along with a notable rise in ALP (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed severe liver, heart, and lung damage, including necrosis, inflammatory cell accumulation, and tissue degeneration. These findings suggest that MEA and MPA pose serious health risks, raising concerns about their widespread use in water treatment. Given their potential impact on human health and the environment, it is crucial to reassess their safety and explore alternative disinfectants. Ensuring the long-term safety of water treatment methods is vital for public health and environmental sustainability, making further research and regulatory evaluation necessary.

Journal of Applied ToxicologyVol. 45(10)
Islamic Azad University, Tehran (IR), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (IR), Islamic Azad University of Tabriz (IR), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IR), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR), University of Calgary (CA), Zagazig University (EG), University of Tehran (IR), University of South Florida (US), University of Saskatchewan (CA), University of Tabriz (IR), Maldives National University (MV), Universidade de Cuiabá (BR), Islamic Azad University Kazeron (IR), Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (IR), Islamic Azad University Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch (IR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 82%
Water Treatment and Disinfection
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