The "Exploring the Impact of Pain on Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Elderly with Musculoskeletal Disorders"

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pain is a common health issue among the elderly, with chronic pain significantly impacting functional capacity and quality of life. This study analyzes the relationship between pain, functional capacity, and quality of life in elderly individuals using the Barthel Index and WHOQOL-BREF. Methods: This analytical observational study utilized a cross-sectional design involving 204 elderly individuals with musculoskeletal pain from 10 hospitals in Central Java. Pain levels were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), functional capacity was measured using the Barthel Index, and quality of life was evaluated using WHOQOL-BREF. Data were analyzed descriptively, and Spearman’s correlation test was used to determine relationships between variables. Results: The descriptive analysis revealed knee pain as the most commonly reported location (33.33%), followed by lower back pain (30.4%). Functional capacity assessment showed high independence in daily activities, with 99.0% eating and 96.6% bathing independently. However, only 74.0% could navigate stairs without assistance. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between pain and the Barthel Index (r = -0.174, p = 0.013), WHOQOL-BREF Domain 1 (r = -0.319, p < 0.001), and Domain 2 (r = -0.185, p = 0.008). No significant relationships were observed for Domains 3 and 4. Conclusion: Pain significantly impacts functional capacity and psychological well-being in elderly individuals, but its effect on social and environmental quality of life is less pronounced. Comprehensive pain assessment and targeted interventions are essential to improve their quality of life.