PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF GATA-3 AND CK-14 IHC EXPRESSION IN UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA AND ITS CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION

Background- Bladder urothelial carcinoma, is considered the 7th most common cancer in males. Identifying reliable biomarkers like GATA3 and CK14 through immunohistochemical methods can aid in early detection, risk stratification, and personalized treatment strategies Aims &Objectives: Assessment of GATA3 and CK14 expression in urinary bladder carcinoma and correlation with clinical and histopathological variables, for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Methods and Materials: This is prospective study, 80 clinically diagnosed cases of urothelial carcinoma were included in one year of duration. All the cases were histopathological evaluated and immunohistochemically stained with GATA binding protein 3 and CK14. Results: Out of 80 cases of urothelial carcinoma, the majority of patients were over 60 years of age. GATA3 expression was negative in 33 cases (41.25%), weak in 1 case (1.25%), moderate in 18 cases (22.5%), and strong in 28 cases (35%). Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CK14 was negative in most patients (82.5%), moderate in 6.25%, and strong in 8.75%. GATA3 expression showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001) with high tumor grade and muscle invasion as compared to low-grade, non-invasive tumors. CK14 expression was also significantly associated with muscle invasion, pronounced nuclear pleomorphism, and high mitotic activity (>10/10 HPF). These markers can be effectively used to predict tumor grade and depth of invasion in biopsy samples based on morphological features, aiding in accurate diagnosis and appropriate clinical management. Conclusion: Combining GATA-3 and CK-14 expression profiles can enhance understanding of urothelial carcinoma's histological subtype and aggressiveness, potentially guiding treatment and management strategies. Key Words: Urothelial Carcinoma, Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry- GATA3 and CK-14.