Effect of porcelain particles on sisal/ramie fibre-reinforced hybrid polymer composites: Antibacterial and structural analysis

• Incorporation of porcelain particles increased antibacterial efficacy by 25 % compared to control samples. • Alkaline treatment technique is employed to enhance the fibre properties. • Mechanical characteristics, Thermal properties, Dynamical analysis, and thermal stability is examined. • Proposed composite shall be employed lightweight static applications. This study investigates the incorporation of porcelain filler into hybrid polymer composites reinforced with sisal and ramie fibres, focusing on enhancing mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, thermal stability, and antibacterial activity. The objective is to develop sustainable, multifunctional materials suitable for structural and biomedical applications. Antibacterial efficacy, evaluated via the zone of inhibition method, increased from 8 mm in the control to 10 mm in the modified composite against common pathogens. Mechanical testing demonstrated significant improvements: tensile strength increased from 61.74 MPa to 83.41 MPa, flexural strength from 64.19 MPa to 85.38 MPa, and impact resistance from 15.3 kJ/m² to 25.8 kJ/m². Fatigue performance also improved, with the number of cycles to failure increasing from 10,000 to 14,000. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a rise in decomposition temperature from 300 °C to 325 °C, indicating enhanced thermal stability. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed effective porcelain particle integration and improved interfacial bonding within the composite matrix. These findings highlight the potential of porcelain-filled sisal/ramie fibre composites as viable, eco-friendly alternatives for applications demanding both structural integrity and functional performance.