A compact mmWave MIMO Patch Antenna with On-Chip Integration for Real-Time Radar and Communication Fusion in Vehicular Environments

This paper presents a compact millimeter-wave (mmWave) MIMO patch antenna with on-chip beamforming integration for real-time radar and communication fusion in vehicular environments. The proposed design supports dual-band operation at 28 GHz and 39 GHz, enabling adaptive switching between vehicular radar and 5G V2X communication tasks. With beam steering capabilities of ±45°, the antenna demonstrates low mutual coupling, high gain, and efficient real-time adaptability via system-on-chip control. Performance is validated through comparative analysis using Matlab and HFSS simulation, confirming efficiency, reliability and suitability for dense vehicular environments.