Sustainable Agricultural Practices in Dhofar Region of Oman: Balancing Productivity and Environmental Impact

The Dhofar region of Oman, renowned for its unique monsoon-influenced climate and substantial agricultural potential, faces significant challenges in achieving sustainable agricultural practices that balance productivity with environmental conservation. This review critically explores a range of sustainable agricultural methods currently implemented in the region, including organic farming, water conservation techniques such as drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting, agroforestry systems, crop rotation, and soil conservation measures like terracing and composting. These strategies aim to mitigate pressing environmental concerns such as water scarcity, soil erosion, and land degradation while enhancing crop yield and farm profitability. The review further examines the economic implications of these practices, evaluating their cost-effectiveness, potential for long-term returns, and influence on the growing market demand for organic and eco-friendly products. Despite their benefits, the broader adoption of these sustainable approaches is hindered by several challenges, including limited access to advanced technologies, inadequate financial resources, lack of technical knowledge, and minimal awareness among local farmers. The article also assesses the role of governmental policies, subsidies, and extension services in promoting the adoption of sustainable agriculture in Dhofar. Finally, it offers strategic recommendations for future research, policy development, and capacity-building initiatives. This review emphasizes the urgent need for continued investment in sustainable solutions to ensure long-term agricultural resilience and environmental sustainability in the region.