Biological sex and age‐associated changes in muscle and brain health in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A large cross‐sectional study

Aging in male COPD patients is characterized by metabolic syndrome features and muscle weakness whereas aging in female COPD patients is associated with weight loss, sarcopenia, and cognitive decline. The observed systemic changes were influenced by different combinations of risk factors in male and female COPD patients. Our findings indicate that sex-specific therapies need to be considered when treating older patients with COPD.