Factors of athletic achievement in sambo: psychological and social aspect

Understanding psychological and social factors influencing athletic performance is crucial for enhancing athletes’ effectiveness. This study examines these factors in the context of sambo. The research involved 188 athletes of varying qualifications competing in the Russian Sambo Championship. For evaluation, psychological aspects included components of personal potential (meaningfulness, positivity, internalisation, inclusion, and independence), emotional responses to the results of the draw before the start, as well as persistent rituals and superstitions. Social factors comprised support from significant individuals (personal coaches, support groups, and psychologists) and the relative importance of recognition versus material rewards. The study found that the presence of coaches and support groups positively impacts sambo athletes’ results across skill levels, while psychologists’ roles were negligible. Stimuli preferences depend on qualification: most athletes prioritize material rewards, but for some categories of sambo athletes, recognition holds greater significance. Emotional reactions to the draw before competitions significantly affect performance regardless of skill level: confidence and calmness correlate with better results, while anxiety/stress hinder them. Rituals/superstitions vary in effectiveness by skill level – beneficial for some, counterproductive for others. Components of personal potential like meaningfulness and positivity positively influence performance, though their significance varies by athlete qualification. These results can inform individualized training programs tailored to athletes’ unique characteristics.