Evaluation of Oxidant, Antioxidant, Interleukin, and Biochemical Parameters in Sheep with Cystic Echinococcosis and Dicrocoeliosis

Aim: Endoparasitic infections have long posed a significant threat to the sheep industry, leading to substantial economic losses. Among these parasites, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and, particularly, Echinococcus granulosus are globally important zoonotic parasites. This study aimed to investigate the levels of oxidative stress markers, antioxidant parameters, interleukins, and biochemical indicators, as well as their correlations, in sheep affected by cystic echinococcosis and dicrocoeliosis. Methods: In this study, various biochemical and immune-related parameters were assessed. Serum samples collected from infected sheep were analyzed using ELISA to measure interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-4 (IL-4), NGAL, neopterin, myeloperoxidase, SOD, GPX, catalase, GSH, and MDA. Additionally, spectrometric analysis was performed to determine the levels of AST, ALT, GGT, albumin, globulin, total protein, ALP, and iron. Results: Serum MDA levels were found to be significantly elevated in infected sheep compared to the healthy group. In contrast, serum SOD and GSH levels in infected sheep were significantly lower than those in healthy sheep. Additionally, serum AST and ALT activities were markedly higher in the infected group. Interleukin levels showed no significant differences between the two groups. Overall, markers of liver function and oxidative stress were notably increased in infected sheep. Conclusion: It was concluded that oxidative stress and liver damage occurred in the infected group, and their immune system was actively involved in the response. This study not only adds to academic knowledge, but should also help veterinarians and breeders working in the field to make more accurate decisions. Thus it is expected to contribute directly to herd health, animal welfare, economic efficiency, and public health. Correlation data may also be useful in guiding the treatment process.