Simulation and Performance Evaluation of Beam Splitting Schemes in 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems

随着第五代(5th generation, 5G)移动通信技术的发展，毫米波通信系统与多天线技术的应用与部署日益普及。多天线系统中天线阵列规模的持续扩大对波束赋形方案的灵活性与可实现性提出了更高要求。为在控制天线阵列复杂度的同时实现灵活调度，本文研究了多峰拆分与收发通道(Transceiver, TRX)拆分方案，二者均可在调度过程中生成动态数量波束，提升系统性能。以单峰波束方案为对照，本文通过系统级仿真对上述两种波束拆分方案进行了性能评估，对比分析了引入强制丢包机制前后系统的性能变化。仿真结果表明，引入强制丢包机制后两种波束拆分方案在吞吐率、传输时间间隔(transmission time interval, TTI)时延等多个关键指标均有大幅提升，尤其在时延性能方面优势显著，其中TRX拆分方案的整体性能优于多峰波束拆分方案。With the development of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology, the application and deployment of millimeter-wave communication systems and multi-antenna technologies have become increasingly widespread. The growing scale of antenna arrays in multi-antenna systems presents new challenges for the flexibility and feasibility of beamforming schemes. To achieve flexible scheduling while controlling the complexity of antenna arrays, multibeam and transceiver (TRX) beam splitting are investigated to support flexible scheduling under antenna complexity constraints. Both approaches enable the generation of a dynamic number of beams during the scheduling process, thereby enhancing system performance. The single beam scheme is used as a baseline to evaluate the performance of the two splitting schemes through system-level simulations, and changes in system performance are analyzed before and after the introduction of a forced packet dropping mechanism. The results show that, after incorporating the forced packet dropping mechanism, both beam splitting schemes achieve significant improvements in key metrics such as throughput and transmission time interval (TTI) latency, with especially pronounced gains in latency. Among the evaluated beam splitting schemes, the TRX splitting scheme delivers better overall performance than the multibeam approach.