Interdisciplinary Perspectives on The Integration of Food Safety Principles with Dairy Science for Enhanced Contaminant Mitigation, Quality Assurance, and Consumer Health Protection

In order to handle the escalating issues of contamination mitigation, quality assurance, and consumer health protection, it is becoming more and more important to integrate food safety concepts with dairy science. The scientific, technological, and operational facets of dairy production and processing can be synergistically aligned with fundamental food safety frameworks like Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), and risk-based assessment tools. This review offers a thorough interdisciplinary analysis of how these frameworks can work together. Throughout the farm-to-fork chain, dairy products are especially susceptible to physical risks, chemical contamination, and microbiological spoilage because of their complex physicochemical characteristics and high nutritional value. Therefore, to guarantee both safety and quality, a comprehensive combination of microbiology, biochemistry, toxicology, process engineering, and regulatory science is necessary. The study covers developments in contaminant detection technologies that are transforming early hazard identification and intervention, including biosensors, real-time PCR, and spectroscopic techniques. It also looks at how digital technologies like smart packaging, blockchain traceability, and AI-driven quality monitoring may boost customer confidence and transparency. The relevance of international standards, supply chain coordination, and sustainable practices in global dairy safety governance is emphasized in this article, which also examines socioeconomic, environmental, and regulatory aspects. The study offers focused mitigation techniques that are context-sensitive and grounded in science, with particular emphasis paid to dairy-specific issues such as heat-resistant bacteria, aflatoxins, and antibiotic residues. This article promotes an integrated, systems-based approach to food safety in the dairy industry by combining knowledge from several disciplines.