Temperature-Dependent Raman Spectroscopy of Quasi-One-Dimensional ZrS₃ Nanoflakes

Recent progress in van der Waals (vdW) materials has introduced a new research playground for exotic quantum phenomena and potential applications by scaling down one more step, from monolayer to single atomic chain. The quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) transition-metal trichalcogenides (TMTs), such as TiS3 and ZrS3, are one of the most promising candidates. Herein, we report the polarization-resolved, temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy of ZrS3 nanoflakes. Specifically, we identify the Bg2 vibrational mode along the chain direction, which was undiscernible in earlier studies. We further provide a comprehensive analysis on the temperature-dependent frequency and line width of Ag3, Ag5, Ag6, Ag8, and Bg2 modes by including contributions from both thermal expansion effect and phonon anharmonicity. Our results highlight the distinct temperature dependence among different peaks, and we correlate the varying features to the details of each vibrational mode. This study further supports the importance of phonons in correlated electronic states and thermal conductivity of quasi-1D materials.