The Differences and Similarities between the Exploitation of Digital Labor and the Exploitation of Machine-Based Industrial Labor

“剥削”意味着价值的不均衡转移。无论是数字劳动领域的剥削，还是19世纪大工业时期的剥削，其本质均指向资本对劳动者创造剩余价值的榨取。然而这两种剥削在表现形式与技术逻辑层面展现出明显的不同。它们的共通之处在于，都通过攫取劳动者产生的剩余价值来促进资本的增值，同时劳动者都处于较为被动的位置，面临着劳动过程的异化及权利的不平衡。不同之处则主要体现在剥削的媒介与方式上，其中数字劳动剥削在形式上更为隐蔽。剥削机制已从泰勒制工厂的物理约束转变为算法控制，而生产资料的控制也从有形的物质资产转变为对数据资源的垄断。这两种剥削模式共同揭示了资本主义生产方式下剥削的核心机制，但数字劳动剥削凭借其全球化、个体化的特点正在改变阶级冲突的外在形式与社会治理的模式。“Exploitation” signifies the unequal transfer of value. Both digital labor exploitation and 19th-century industrial exploitation fundamentally manifest capital’s appropriation of surplus value, yet they demonstrate significant differences in forms of exploitation and technological logic. The commonalities lie in both achieving capital accumulation by appropriating surplus value created by laborers, while workers remain in relatively disadvantaged positions, facing labor alienation and unequal rights. The distinctions emerge in the mediation of exploitation, with digital labor exhibiting greater concealment in its exploitative mechanisms. This represents a shift from the physical discipline of Taylorist factories to algorithmic domination, and from the monopoly of tangible production materials to data-driven hegemony. Both forms of exploitation reveal the exploitative essence of capitalist production relations. However, digital labor exploitation, characterized by its globalized and atomized nature, is actively reshaping the manifestations of class contradictions and the paradigms of social governance.