RESEARCH ON THE USE OF PERMANENT FORMWORK TO REDUCE CONSTRUCTION TIME FOR LOW-RISE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

Problem Statement. In order to restore Ukraine after the extensive destruction caused by armed aggression, it is necessary to explore methods of rapid and cost-effective construction. One promising solution is the use of permanent formwork, which simplifies the concreting process, improves energy efficiency, and shortens the time needed for erecting facilities. Purpose of the Article. To conduct a literature review of works devoted to the use of permanent formwork, focusing on modern technologies and materials. The goal is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of such systems, analyze their compatibility with locally sourced raw materials, and explore the possibility of involving lower-skilled workers in installation without compromising the quality of the structures. Conclusion. The paper examines the experience of using permanent formwork in Ukraine and abroad. Key development trends are considered: achieving energy efficiency through thermal insulation inserts, increasing load-bearing capacity with the help of composite materials, and employing plastics and glass fibers for corrosion protection and weight reduction. Two main types of permanent formwork are analyzed: the kind that is integrated into the structure’s load-bearing system (ferrocement, reinforced concrete, metal sheets, etc.) and the kind that does not contribute to the structure’s overall capacity but serves auxiliary functions (e.g., glass-fiber-reinforced concrete or polymer panels). It has been determined that there is currently a lack of research on using local Ukrainian building materials (such as sand, limestone, and metallurgical waste) that could help reduce formwork costs and logistical expenses. Global experience indicates the effectiveness of permanent formwork in residential and industrial construction, as well as the potential for its use in bridge-building and other complex structures requiring enhanced durability. This approach helps shorten construction times and reduce waste by eliminating the dismantling stage. In summary, permanent formwork is an effective tool for accelerated construction and restoration of damaged facilities. Further research should focus on developing systems that rely on domestic raw materials, optimizing block shapes and installation methods, and assessing the possibility of broader involvement of lower-skilled labor. This would help reduce building costs while maintaining the required quality and durability of the resulting structures.