The Algorithm vs. Art Debate—The Limits of AI-Generated Art in the Context of Kant’s Aesthetics

AI生成艺术的广泛运用在拓展艺术边界的同时，也引发了其作品是否具有审美价值、对人类主体性的削弱等一系列问题。康德在《判断力批判》中对审美判断的论述揭示了AI生成艺术在数据学习阶段的功利性局限并缺少先验结构；天才理论揭示了其在算法演绎阶段的机械性局限与心意精神的匮乏；崇高理论揭示了其缺少主体理性的自我肯定与自由意志的升华。通过上述分析可以明确，AI生成艺术的根本局限在于其主体性的缺失，真正的艺术创作是主体的自由表达。分析AI生成艺术的局限并非是为了否定它，而是为了更好地理解并合理利用这一技术力量。在技术飞速发展的当下，AI与艺术的结合是必然趋势，但在这一结合过程中，应维护人类的主体地位，避免让艺术沦为算法的机械产物。The extensive use of AI-generated art expands the boundaries of art while raising a series of questions such as whether its works have aesthetic value and the weakening of human subjectivity. Kant’s discussion of aesthetic judgment in Critique of Judgment reveals the utilitarian limitation and lack of a priori structure of AI-generated art in the stage of data learning; the genius theory reveals its mechanical limitation and lack of mindfulness in the stage of algorithmic deduction; and the sublime theory reveals its lack of self-affirmation of subjective rationality and sublimation of free will. Through the above analysis, it is clear that the fundamental limitation of AI-generated art lies in its lack of subjectivity, and true artistic creation is the free expression of the subject. Analyzing the limitations of AI-generated art is not to negate it, but to better understand and reasonably utilize the power of this technology. In the rapid development of technology, the combination of AI and art is an inevitable trend, but in this combination process, the subjective position of human beings should be maintained, to avoid letting the art be reduced to the mechanical product of the algorithm.