Single-cell Protein from Lignocellulosic Wastes for Sustainable Protein Production: Strategies, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

As the global population continues to grow, the demand for sustainable nutritional alternatives has become more urgent. Single-cell protein (SCP) has emerged as a promising substitute for conventional protein sources. Derived from microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae, SCP is rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, making it a valuable resource for meeting future dietary needs in an environmentally friendly manner. An economical and environmentally beneficial substrate for the manufacture of SCP is lignin-based biomass, a plentiful and recyclable waste resource. With an emphasis on the benefits of fermenting bacteria, feedstock choice, and important microbial isolates including Candida, Rhizopus oligosporus, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, this article examines the potential of lignocellulosic waste in SCP creation. SCP manufacturing has difficulties, such as microbiological contamination, materials preparation, and low customer acceptance, although consequently health advantages and wide range of uses in factory operations, livestock feed, and human nutrition. To increase SCP productivity and ecological responsibility, subsequent studies must concentrate on establishing the scalability biological processing systems, raising stress functionality, and refining fermentation procedures. Using lignin-based biomass as the main medium for SCP can support ecological conservation and worldwide safety of food. . KEYWORDS :Additional protein sources, Lignocellulosic waste, Microbial fermentation sustainable protein, Single-cell protein