Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Sheep and Goat Population Using Rose Bengal Test in District Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Background: Brucellosis is a contagious, economically significant zoonotic disease affecting livestock reproductive performance and posing a public health risk. This study investigated the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis in sheep and goats in District Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 animals (200 sheep and 200 goats) selected from multiple union councils of District Tank. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using RBPT. Epidemiological data including animal demographics, reproductive history, and herd practices were recorded. Results: The overall seroprevalence was 13.75%, with 13.0% in goats and 14.5% in sheep (p > 0.05). Seropositivity was significantly higher in females (14.6%), animals aged over 3 years (20.7%), and those bred via natural service (19.1%). Autumn showed the highest seasonal prevalence (17.0%). Reproductive disorders such as abortion (25.0%), retained placenta (22.9%), and mastitis (19.0%) were significantly associated with infection. Orchitis in males showed a strong association with seropositivity (31.8%). Conclusion: Brucellosis is endemic in small ruminants of District Tank, with clear links to demographic, seasonal, and reproductive factors. The findings support the implementation of targeted control measures, reproductive health monitoring, and awareness programs to mitigate both economic losses and zoonotic risk.