Speech Acts of Rural Elderly in Intergenerational Family Communication

以农村老年人在家庭代际沟通中的现场即席话语为语料，结合言语行为理论，分析其话语特征。研究发现：农村老年人更多使用断言类、指令类和表情类言语行为，其中陈述、询问和支持性言语反馈使用频率最高。老年人通过陈述传递信息、表达观点，借助询问获取信息、交流情感，利用支持性反馈维持对话连贯性，其话语兼具主动表达与互动协调的特征，说明其在家庭代际沟通中具有积极适应性；但因家庭权力结构变迁与自身能力衰退等因素影响，老年人话语空间仍受到限制。Taking spontaneous on-site discourse from rural elderly individuals during intergenerational family communication as data, this study analyzes the characteristics of their speech based on speech act theory. The findings reveal that rural elderly people tend to use more assertive, directive, and expressive speech acts, with statements, questions, and supportive feedback occurring most frequently. The elderly convey information and express opinions through statements, obtain information and exchange emotions through questions, and maintain conversational coherence through supportive feedback. Their utterances display both proactive expression and interactive coordination, indicating a positive adaptability in intergenerational communication. However, due to changes in family power structures and the decline of their own capabilities, the discourse space available to the elderly remains limited.