Correlates of Perceived Nuclear Risk and Emergency Preparedness Near Czech Nuclear Power Plants: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background Nuclear power remains a central part of Czechia’s energy strategy, yet public preparedness and psychological responses to potential nuclear incidents remain underexplored, particularly in relation to institutional communication. This study investigates how sociodemographic factors and perceptions of risk communication from ČEZ influence nuclear risk perception, anxiety, and preparedness behaviors among residents living near two NPPs in Czechia. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 210 adults residing within 15 km of Dukovany and Temelín NPPs was conducted between April and November 2023. A structured self-administered questionnaire assessed demographic and health characteristics, perceptions of ČEZ’s risk communication, nuclear anxiety (catastrophism and peace advocacy), and preparedness behaviors (iodine tablet possession and awareness). Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multivariable regressions were performed. Statistical analyses were conducted at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Female gender, older age, and non-employment with ČEZ were significantly associated with higher perceived risk and greater nuclear catastrophism. Perceptions of ČEZ’s communication as reliable and sufficient were associated with lower perceived risk and greater preparedness, including higher rates of iodine tablet possession and awareness of contraindications. Trust in institutional communication was a stronger predictor of preparedness than many sociodemographic factors. Notably, participants living near Dukovany NPP reported greater preparedness than those near Temelín NPP. Conclusions This study demonstrates that trust in institutional communication, alongside gender, age, and employment status, significantly shapes public perceptions and behaviors related to nuclear emergencies. Tailored, two-way communication strategies, grounded in transparency and local engagement, are critical to strengthening public trust, reducing anxiety, and enhancing preparedness across diverse populations.