Levelling the playing field? Outcomes and assumptions within a sport-based women's employability programme

This paper examines the intersections of gender and employability through a sport-based women's employability programme supported by a global NGO and implemented in 22 countries. Situated within Sport for Development (SFD) discourse, we explore how such initiatives navigate the dual objectives of empowering participants and addressing broader social and economic challenges. Drawing on 112 qualitative case studies, our analysis highlights participants’ perspectives, offering an examination of their experiences, outcomes, and the values underpinning the programme. We identify four key themes: the programme as a perceived pathway out of marginalisation, its role in encouraging positive behaviours, the importance of individual confidence and motivation, and the tensions inherent in the over-reliance on neoliberal narratives associated with the ‘Girl Effect’. While participants report benefits such as enhanced confidence and skills, our findings reveal significant limitations. These include the programme's individualised focus, which often places responsibility on participants to drive change without structural barriers. Through this analysis, we argue for a more holistic approach to SFD programming that extends beyond individual agency to confront systemic inequities. Furthermore, we critically consider the influence of corporate agendas in shaping programme objectives and outcomes.