Study the genetic variations of GRIAs genes to investigate association to methamphetamine addiction

Study the genetic variations of GRIAs genes to investigate association to methamphetamine addictionM ethamphetamine is the second most often abused sub- stance worldwide.Methamphetamine addiction can lead to weight loss, memory loss, tremors, convulsions, psychosis, paranoia, hallucinations, Parkinson's-like symptoms, and cardiovascular collapse.The intensity of effects of withdrawal differs from person to person [1,2].The -amino-3-hydroxy-5methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid glutamate receptor (AMPA or GluR) is an ionotropic glutamate receptor subtype with four subunits: GluR1-4.The functional unit of the AMPA receptor is made up of GluR1R2, GluR2R3, or GluR2-lacking combinations.These subunits are expressed in various brain areas, including the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum, and prefrontal cortex [3,4].The AMPA receptor has an essential role in activities of brain plasticity of synapses, including learning, memory, and drug addiction [5,6].Thus, genes encoding AMPA glutamate receptors (GRIAs) are intriguing candidate genes for vulnerability to methamphetamine use and related psychosis [7].Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor AMPA Type Subunit 1 (GRIA1) is situated on chromosome 5q33; earlier research suggested that GRIA1 may be implicated in the therapeutic effect of major depressive disorder (MDD).Furthermore, it has been reported to be responsible for psychotic characteristics in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder [3,8].GRIA3 is located on Xq25 and is frequently linked to the risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and alcoholism [9].Thus, genetic variations in GRIA subunit genes have been linked to both mental disease and Objectives: Drug addictions are chronic complicated disorders characterized by the repeated and irresistible intake of specific drugs that produce transient bliss.Methamphetamine, an amphetamine derivative, is an addictive psychostimulant substance used all over the world, especially in South East Asia.Chronic Methamphetamine consumption not only causes dependence but also frequently promotes psychotic symptoms, auditory hallucinations, and paranoid delusions, which are similar to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.This study looked at the genetic variation of the GRIA1 and GRIA3 genes to see if they were associated with methamphetamine addiction in Iraqi males.Methods: A total of 150 male participants were enrolled in this case-control study (100 methamphetamine-dependent and 50 control), ages between 20 to 45 years.GRIA1 (rs2195450) and GRIA3 (rs3761555) polymorphism detection was achieved by using high-resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR analysis. Results:The findings of the current study showed a highly significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency of rs2195450 SNP between the methamphetamine-dependent and the control groups, according to GA genotype and A allele, and in rs3761555 based on CC genotype and C allele, displaying a positive association with addiction. Conclusion:According to the result of present study GA and CC genotypes have a positive correlation with disease these could be considered as a risk factor that makes people more susceptible to methamphetamine addiction.