The phenomenon of school dropout: Causes, solutions, and interventions

The concept of education is of great importance in educational institutions due to its positive impact in contributing to the continuous improvement and development of educational outcomes, in order to keep pace with the cognitive and technological developments witnessed by the world in the current era and the industrial revolution. This revolution introduces advanced ideas, methods, strategies, and technological techniques into all institutions of society, including schools, which are educational, pedagogical, technological, and research institutions at the same time. They play an active role in keeping up with the latest developments in the world, and they are the most important element in the development of society and are considered the key to the advancement and progress of the elements of the educational process and the educational system to improve the educational level. In addition, they are educational institutions for raising and teaching generations and providing them with facts, knowledge, values, customs, traditions, principles, and ideas. Therefore, the school must possess all the components that enable it to achieve its tasks and objectives, including the task of educational and social upbringing of learners, as well as addressing all the obstacles and problems that learners face, among which is the phenomenon of school dropout. This phenomenon threatens the educational system in particular and society in general. School dropout is considered one of the most difficult problems faced by all countries because of its negative effects that impact the progress and development of society and stand as a solid barrier against it. Moreover, it significantly contributes to the spread of illiteracy and the lack of integration of individuals into development. The spread of this phenomenon has raised the concern of many educators, intellectuals, and politicians, and many governments have given special attention to this problem in order to study it, as it negatively affects not only the dropouts themselves but also society as a whole. Dropout leads to high unemployment rates, the spread of ignorance and poverty and other social and economic problems. Therefore, this phenomenon is worthy of research and study due to its psychological, educational, social, and economic effects on the educational institution, the family and society. After the two researchers reviewed the literature of the topic and all related aspects and examined the findings of previous educational studies and research in the field, the research was divided into three sections. The first section includes the theoretical framework of the research and consists of an introduction, research problem, objectives, significance and previous studies. The second section includes the conceptual framework, which addresses the concept of school dropout, its causes, types, and the effects resulting from the phenomenon of school dropout. The third section presents effective solutions and interventions to reduce the phenomenon, as well as several proposals to limit school dropout, followed by the conclusion. The two researchers used the descriptive-analytical method in the current research, as it is one of the most widely used educational methods in studying educational and psychological phenomena. The descriptive method is considered a tool and method for analysis and description. The research reached a set of solutions, interventions, and proposals to reduce the phenomenon of school dropout.