Knowledge Assessment and Practice of Insulin Storage and Administration Techniques among Diabetic Mellitus Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long term, progressive metabolic disease marked by high blood sugar levels brought on by aberrant insulin action, production, or both. The procedure by which a person applies insulin to subcutaneous tissue is known as self-administration. Adequate injection procedures are crucial for optimal diabetic management. The most popular method for administering insulin to people is a subcutaneous injection. Objective: To evaluate knowledge assessment skills and practice of insulin injection techniques among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to identify areas requiring re-education. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study for a period of 6 months with the patients who are administering insulin injection for diabetic mellitus at Siddaganga hospital. Before conducting the study, the informed consent was obtained from the patients. The data was collected using pre designed data collection form such as patient demographic details, past medical and medication history, blood glucose level, prepared questionaries and current treatment. The collected information was assessed for knowledge assessment and practice of insulin storage on administration techniques. Results: A study involving 147 participants revealed that (55.1%) were male and (44.8%) were female. The duration of insulin use varied, with (38.7%) having used it for less than 6 months and (61.2%) for less than a year. Insulin storage practices were inconsistent, with (46%) storing in the fridge door, (46%) inside the fridge, and (16%) at room temperature. Hand hygiene before insulin injection was also a concern, as (54.4%) of participants did not wash their hands before injecting, while (45.5%) washed. In terms of insulin administration, (55.1%) of participants self-administered their injections, while (44.9%) relied on their caregivers. Conclusion: This study reveals significant gaps in insulin administration practices among diabetic patients. Although most patients are aware of the recommended dose and injection site rotation, many lack essential knowledge regarding hygiene, sterilization, and proper disposal techniques. Such gaps may result in severe health complications, such as infections and inadequate glycaemic control. Therefore, ongoing education and regular reassessments are crucial to enhancing patient safety and clinical outcomes. Structured training programs for both patients and caregivers across healthcare environments.