Green vehicles adoption for last-mile delivery: a systematic literature review and current trend

The final step in the e-commerce supply chain, last-mile delivery, is an innovative approach to urban logistics issues, including lowering carbon emissions through alternative vehicles. This research intends to update and identify green vehicles adoption based on the type of last-mile delivery and the type of commodities transported by a systematic literature review method to enhance the sustainability of urban logistics. The findings show that collaboration between conventional vehicles (fossil fuels) and active transportation (bicycles, walking), public transportation, electric vehicles, drones, and robots is the most widely adopted. From an environmental standpoint, carbon emissions can be significantly reduced with this alternative vehicle when making deliveries. In addition, the result shows that this environmentally friendly vehicle mostly serves general goods delivery to the consumer's location. Meanwhile, crowdshipping is an urban logistics trend that has emerged recently by utilising individuals to make deliveries when traveling in certain areas.