Assessing the environmental and economic benefits of integrating solar energy in Nigerian construction

This study examines the environmental and economic benefits of integrating solar energy into Nigeria’s construction sector, while identifying the challenges impeding its widespread adoption. Using a qualitative research approach, based on 25 semi-structured interviews, three case studies, and supplementary survey responses from 50 stakeholders, the study analyzes data to provide a comprehensive understanding of solar energy integration. The findings reveal that solar energy adoption significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions by up to 60% across project types, and lowers key air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), leading to improvements in air and water quality. Economically, solar energy investments demonstrate high Net Present Values (NPVs) ranging from USD 50,000 to 800,000, and Internal Rates of Return (IRRs) between 15 and 25%, confirming their financial viability and long-term cost-saving potential. Despite these advantages, several barriers hinder solar energy adoption. Financial constraints emerged as the most critical barrier, accounting for 40% of reported challenges, particularly due to high initial costs and limited access to financing. Technological limitations, particularly in energy storage and system efficiency, restrict large-scale deployment. Regulatory hurdles, such as bureaucratic inefficiencies and policy uncertainty, discourage investment. Social and cultural factors, including lack of awareness and resistance to change, further complicate adoption efforts. This study makes theoretical contributions by expanding the literature on sustainable construction through empirical evidence of solar energy’s benefits and challenges. Practically, it provides policymakers and industry stakeholders with actionable insights, recommending regulatory reforms, financial incentives, public awareness campaigns, and community engagement initiatives to accelerate solar energy adoption.While the study is limited by its regional scope and reliance on self-reported data, future research should incorporate real-world performance data and expand geographical coverage. The broader relevance of the findings extends to other developing countries facing similar energy access challenges, emphasizing solar energy’s role in sustainable urbanization and climate mitigation efforts globally. The findings underscore the urgent need for coordinated efforts to transition toward sustainable energy solutions in Nigeria and beyond.