Association of Maternal Lipid Profile with Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Pregnancy involves significant metabolic adaptations, particularly in lipid metabolism, to support fetal growth. However, dysregulation of maternal lipid levels may contribute to complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy - induced hypertension (PIH), and adverse neonatal outcomes. Objective: To assess maternal lipid profiles during the third trimester and examine their association with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Rama Medical College, Hapur, from April 2023 to September 2024. A total of 100 pregnant women beyond 28 weeks of gestation were recruited based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Fasting serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL - C, LDL - C, VLDL - C) were measured. Maternal outcomes included GDM, PIH, preterm labour, and IHCP; neonatal outcomes included SGA, LGA, macrosomia, stillbirth, and NICU admission. Data were analyzed using SPSS v29, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Elevated lipid levels, particularly total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, were prevalent. Low HDL was significantly associated with PIH; raised LDL with GDM and SGA; total cholesterol with NICU admissions; and VLDL with higher LSCS rates. No significant association was found with macrosomia or stillbirth. Maternal obesity was a significant confounding factor. Conclusion: Lipid profile assessment during late pregnancy may aid in early identification of high - risk pregnancies. Routine lipid screening and timely interventions could reduce the burden of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.