A Study of Angiographic Pattern in Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Correlation with HbA1c Levels

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), often associated with severe and diffuse coronary artery disease. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels serve as an indicator of long-term glycemic control and may correlate with the severity of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. Methods: A cohort of diabetic patients admitted with ACS was retrospectively analyzed. Coronary angiography was performed to determine the extent and severity of coronary artery involvement. HbA1c levels were recorded to categorize patients into groups based on glycemic control (well-controlled, moderately controlled, and poorly controlled). Statistical methods were applied to assess the relationship between angiographic findings and HbA1c levels. Results: Higher HbA1c levels were significantly associated with complex angiographic patterns, including multivessel disease, diffuse lesions, and reduced vessel caliber. Patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8%) exhibited a higher prevalence of critical stenosis and involvement of smaller-caliber vessels compared to those with better control. Conclusion: Elevated HbA1c levels correlate with more severe and complex coronary artery disease in diabetic patients with ACS. This highlights the importance of stringent glycemic control in mitigating the progression of coronary artery disease in diabetic populations. Further studies are warranted to establish causative mechanisms and evaluate the impact of glycemic management on angiographic outcomes.