Factors Affecting the Implementation of Green Human Resource Management Practices in the Public Service

The adoption of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices in the public sector is critical for enhancing environmental sustainability. However, the factors influencing its implementation remain underexplored, particularly within the unique context of Zimbabwe’s public sector. This study addresses this gap by comprehensively exploring these factors. Using a multi-method approach, the study integrates a literature review, comparative sector analysis, qualitative semi-structured interviews with ten key public sector stakeholders, and quantitative survey data from 230 public sector employees. Guided by Kitchenham and Charters (2007), the review analyzed peer-reviewed articles (2018-2025) to establish a theoretical foundation. The comparative analysis contextualized the findings by exploring GHRM practices in both public and private sectors. Qualitative data from thematic analysis of interview transcripts provided in-depth insights into contextual barriers and enablers. Quantitative data was collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20, to assess perceptions and identify significant predictors of GHRM readiness. Findings indicate that organizational culture, institutional structure, leadership support, resource availability, and training significantly affect GHRM implementation in the Zimbabwean public sector. Specifically, a supportive organizational culture and strong leadership commitment emerged as critical enablers, while limited resources and inadequate training posed significant barriers. The study concludes by proposing a holistic approach that focuses on cultivating a green-conscious culture, securing leadership buy-in, allocating sufficient resources, and providing targeted training for successful GHRM adoption in this setting. These findings have significant implications for policymakers and public sector organizations in Zimbabwe, highlighting the need for strategic interventions to prmote GHRM implementation and contribute to broader sustainability goals within the nation.